RATIONALE

  A diploma holder (technician) is supposed to write official, business and personal letters. Technical report writing forms another activity of diploma holders. Keeping in view, the above and continuing education needs of diploma holders, Communication Skill has been considered as essential core subject. The emphasis of teaching should be to develop necessary competencies in written and oral communication.

1.  Prose Text Book 
  Following 5 lessons of the book "A Book of English for polytechnics - Prose Selections" prepared by TTTI Chd and Published by Macmillan India Limited, New Delhi.
 

 1. Adventure in Space                            Veena Nagpal
 2. An Engineering Wizard                              ----
 3. The Diamond Necklace                       Guy de Maupassant
 4. Uncle Podger Hand a Picture               Jerome K.Jerome
 5. Guru Gobind Singh                                    ----

2.  Correspondence : (Official, business and personal)
  One letter from each category (official, business and personal) may be set in the examination paper and the students be asked to write one of them.

3.  Grammar
  A brief review of easy form of tenses. Conversion of direct narration into indirect form of narration and vice versa (only simple sentences). Punctuation.

4.  Essay
  Preferably on scientific topic from the given outlines. The paper setter may be instructed to give a choice of attempting one out of three topics. The question paper may provide the outlines. The essay will be of 250 to 300 words. The examiner may select three topics one from each of the following:

(i)  Science 
(ii)  Technology 
(iii) General.

PRACTICALS (ORAL)

RATIONALE 

  Applied Mathematics forms the backbone of engineering students. Basic elements of algebra, trigonometry, coordinate geometry, differential calculus and integral calculus have been included in the curriculum as foundation course. This course will develop analytical abilities to make exact calculations and will provide continuing educational base to the students. 

1.  ALGEBRA

 1.1  Application of Quadratic equations simultaneous equations (one linear and other quadratic equation) in two variables to engineering problems.
 
1.2  Arithmetic progression, its nth term, sum of n terms with their applications to engineering problems. Geometrical progression, its nth term and sum of n terms and to infinity with application to engineering problems.

1.3  Partial fractions (excluding repeated quadratic factors) formally introduction of permutations and combinations, applications of formulae for npr ncr 

1.4  Binomial theorem (expansion without proof) for positive integral index (expansion and general term).

1.5  Binomial theorem for any index (expansion without proof only). First and second binomial approximation with application to engineering problems. 

 2.1  Concept of angles, measurement of angles in degrees, grades and radians and their conversions. Trigonometrical ratios and their relations. 
 
2.2  Review of ratios of some standard angles (0,30,45,60,90 degrees), T-Ratios of Allied angles (without proof), Sum, difference formulae and their applications (without proof). Product formulae (Transformation of product to sum, difference and vice versa). T-Ratios of multiple angles, sub-multiple angles (2A, 3A, A/2). 

 2.3  Area of a triangle, Hero’s formula, solution of triangles with direct applications of cosine formula, sine formula, Napier’s analogy only.

3. CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY

 3.1  Cartesian coordinates (two dimensional), Distance between two points, Internal and External division formulae, Application of area formulae (without proof).

 3.2  Area of triangle when its vertices are given, coordinates of centroid, incentre of a triangle when the vertices are given, using the formulae, simple problems on locus.

 3.3  Application of equation of straight line in various standard forms, inter section of two straight lines, angle between two lines. Perpendicular distance formulae.

 3.4  General equation of a circle and its characteristics. To find the equation of a circle given (i) Centre and radius (ii) Three points on it (iii) Co-ordinates of end points of a diameter.

 3.5  Plotting of curves y = f(x), f(x) being algebric function of x (maximum upto 2nd degree). 

 3.6  Definition of conic section. Standard equation of parabola, To find equations of parabola when its focus and directrix are given, Given the equation of a parabola, determination of its focus, vertex, axis, directrix and latus rectum.

 3.7  Ellipse and hyperbola (standard equations without proof), given the equation in the standard form, determination of focus, directrix, latus rectum, axes, eccentricity, and centre. Concept of polar coordinates and their conversion to cartesian coordinates and vice versa (in two dimensions only).

RATIONALE

  Engineering physics is a foundation course.  Its purpose is to develop proper understanding of physical phenomenon and scientific temper in the students.  The course covers topics like measurement, waves, sound, light and atomic structure.

DETAILED CONTENTS

THEORY 

1.   Measurement   

a)   Units and Dimensions

•   Fundamental and derived units, SI units, dimensions of physical quantities, dimensional formula and dimensional equation, principles of homogeneity of dimensions and applications of homogeneity principle in: 
•  Checking the correctness of physical equation. 
•  Deriving relations among various physical quantities. 
•  Conversion of numerical values of physical quantities  from one system of units into other system.

 b)    Errors in  measurement accuracy, estimation of percentage error in the result’ of measurement.

 a)    Scalar and vector quantities with Examples.
 b)    Force and its units (in SI) 
 c)    Resolution  of forces into rectangular components. (Simple problems).
 d)    Composition of forces by parallelogram law.
 e)   Centripetal  acceleration, centripetal and centrifugal  forces. Application to banking of roads.

4.   Applications of Sound waves   

 a)    Acoustics 
  Reflection, refraction and absorption of sound waves by materials; definition of pitch, loudness, quality and intensity of sound waves, units of intensity (bel and decibel); Echo and reverberation and reverberation time, control of reverberation time. Acoustic insulation (qualitative treatment only of reverberation).
 
b)    Ultrasonics 
  Production of ultrasonic waves by magneto  and piezoelectric effects, detection and properties of ultrasonics; applications to drilling, cold welding, cleaning, flaw detection and exploration (sonar); 

  Interference and diffraction of light waves; Interference of light waves; basic ideas about diffraction and polarization of light waves.

6.   Laser and its Applications 
  Laser principle, types of Lasers; study of the He-Ne and Ruby lasers and their applications.  

7.    Atomic Structure and Energy Levels 
  Bohr model of atomic structure, ionisation potentials; Energy levels, Energy band levels of conductors, insulators and semiconductors. Atomic and crystal structure of silicon and germanium, covalent bonds, Effect of temperature on conductivity of germanium and silicon.

1.   Use of vernier calipers and micrometer for determination    of diameter of a wire.
 2.   Study of interference of sound waves using Quincke’s tube.
 3.   Study of resonance in air column and determination of velocity of sound in air.
 4.    To make a telescope by combination of suitable lenses and determine its magnifying power.
 5.   Measurement of small thickness by interference method (by Fresnel’s Biprism method).
 6.    To make a compound Microscope by suitable combination of lenses and determine its magnifying power.
 7.   To determine the wavelength of sodium light by Newton’s ring method.
 8.   Setting an OHP ring lenses and mirrors for its best  performance.
 9.    Determination of wavelength of various spectral lines of mercury lamp.
 10.  Measurement of illumination level of a white surface  under: Natural daylight, incandescent light and fluorescent light.
 11.   To compare the intensity of illumination by Bunsen’s  photometer.
 12.   Study of diffraction of He-Ne laser beam by markings on  a verinser scale and determination of its wavelength.
 13.   To measure the first ionisation potential of Hg using a  diode.

SUGGESTIONS

  While teaching the subject, teacher should make maximum use of demonstration to make the subject interesting to the students

1.4 BASIC ELECTRICITY (6101)

  The course provides the student : (i) Understanding the basic concepts and principles of DC and AC power; DC and AC circuits.(ii) Familiarisation with basic electrical circuits and devices (iii) Understanding the principles of working of various testing and measuring instruments and their effective use.

1.   Review of following : 

 a)  Coulomb’s law, Electric field, Electric intensity, Electric lines of force in simple charge configurations.
 b)  Gauss’s theorem (No proof) ; Field around a charged conductor, plane sheet and a sphere, concept of electric displacement current and displacement density.
 c)  Concept of potential difference, Potential due to a point charge; Equipotential surfaces; Units of potential difference.

 a)  Concepts of capacitance and capacitors, Units of capacitance, capacitor ratings.
 b)  Parallel plate, spherical and cylindrical capacitors and their capacities.
 c)  Energy stored in a capacitor.
 d)  Concept of dielectric and its effect on capacitance; dielectric constant, dielectric breakdown.
 e)  Series and parallel combinations of capacitors. Simple problems of capacitors.

a) Concept and units of electric current.
b) Ohm's law, concepts of resistance, conductance, resistivity and conductivity. Their units and dependence on temperature in conductor.
c) Power and energy, heating effect of electric current and conversion of mechanical to electrical units and vice versa.
d) Kirchhoff's voltage and current laws and their applications in simple DC circuits.
e) Series and parallel combination of resistors, wattage consideration, Simple problems.

Magnetic intensity and Magnetic flux and their units. Intensity of magnetisation; retentivity, hysteresis, hysteresis loop

5. Electro Magnetism 

a) Concept of magnetic field production by flow of current. Oersted's experiment, concept of magneto motive force (MMF), flux, reluctance, permeability, Analogy between electric and magnetic circuits.

b) Force on a moving charge and current in a magnetic field, force between two current carrying parallel conductors.

c) Magnetic field around a current carrying straight conductor, circular loop and solenoids.

d) Faraday's laws, Lenz's law and rules of electromagnetic induction, principles of self and mutual induction, self and mutually induced e.m.f; simple numerical problems.

e) Energy stored in a magnetic field, concept of current growth, decay and time constant in an inductive(RL) circuit.

f) Energy stored in an inductor, series and parallel combinations of inductors.

•  Concept of alternating voltage and current, difference between AC and DC.
•  Concept of cycle, frequency, period, amplitude, instantaneous value, average value, rms value and peak value. Form factor (definition only).
•  Equation of sinusoidal waveform, representation of alternating quantities, concept of phase difference.
•  Representation of sinusoidal quantities by phasor diagrams. Physical concept and phasor diagram of alternating voltage applied to a pure resistance, pure inductance and pure capacitance; Phasor diagrams for simple R,L,C circuits (series and parallel). Concept of impedance, impedance triangle, phase angle. Numerical problems. Phasor diagram for RL, RC series circuits.
•  Transient response of RL, RC and RLC circuits with initial conditions and solutions.

Power in pure resistance, inductance and capacitance, power in combination of R,L,C circuits, power factor, active and reactive currents and their significance, practical importance of power factor.

8. Resonance of RLC Circuits

Series and parallel resonance in RLC circuits; Q of a coil, a capacitor, and a tank circuit. Bandwidth of resonant circuits. Concept of selectivity.

9. Voltage and Current Sources

Concept of constant voltage and constant current sources, symbol and graphical representation, characteristics of ideal and practical sources

10. DC and AC Circuit Theorems

Thevenin's theorem, Norton's theorem, superposition theorem, Maximum power transfer theorem, application of network theorems in solving DC/AC circuit problems.

1. Verification of Ohm's Law

2.       (a) Verification of Req = R₁+R₂+R₃+........in circuit, where are R₁, R₂, R₃, ...... are in series.
          (b) Verification of 1/Req = 1/R₁+1/R₂+.....in circuit where R₁, R₂ ....are in parallel.

3. Verification of Kirchhoff's first and second laws

4. To measure the (very low) resistance of ammeter and (very high) resistance of voltmeter

5. To measure resistance of galvanometer by half deflection method

6. Conversion of galvanometer into (i) ammeter (ii) voltmeter

7. To verify in dc circuits: 

(i) Thevenin's theorem 
(ii) Norton's theorem 
(iii) Superposition theorem 
(iv)  Maximum power transfer theorem

 (i)  superposition theorem 
 (ii)  Power transfer theorem.

10.      (a)  To verify Leq=L1+L2+...where inductances L1,L2....are connected in series
           (b)  To verify 1/Leq=1/L1+1/L2+where inductances L1,L2...are connected in parallel

11.   To measure capacitance of tuning capacitor by gradually turning the plates inside one another and to observe effect of different overlaps

12       a)  To verify Ceq=C1+C2+...where capacitance C1,C2....are connected in parallel
           b)  To verify 1/Ceq=1/C1+1/C2+.....where capacitance C1,C2—are connected in series

13.  To Plot current and voltage growth and decay in RL and RC circuits for different time constants

RATIONALE 
 
Drawing is the language of engineers and technicians . Reading and interpreting engineering drawing is their day to day responsibility . The course is aimed at developing basic graphic skills so as to enable them to use these skills in preparation of engineering drawings, their reading and interpretation . The emphasis while imparting instructions should be to develop conceptual skills in the students following BIS SP 46 - 1988 and angle projection in general 

1.  Handling, use and care of Drawing Instruments and Materials 

 1.1  Drawing Instruments 
 1.2  Materials 
 1.3  Layout of drawing sheets

2.  Free Hand Sketching and Lettering

 2.1  Different types of lines in Engineering drawing as per ISI specifications . 
 2.2  Practice of free hand sketching of vertical, horizontal and inclined lines, geometrical figures such as triangles, rectangles and circles .

3.  Lettering Technique and Practice 

 3.1  Instrumental single stroke lettering of 35 mm and 70 mm height in the ratio of 7 :4.
 3.2  Free hand lettering ( Alphabet and numerals )- lower case and upper case, single stroke and block letters, vertical and inclined at 75 degree in different standards, series of 3, 5, 8 and 12 mm heights in the ratio of 7 :4.

 4.1  Necessity of dimensioning, method and principles of dimensioning (mainly theoretical instructions).
 4.2  Dimensioning of Overall sizes, circles, threaded holes, chamfered surfaces, angles, tapered surfaces, holes, equally spaced on P.C.D., counter sunk holes, counter bored holes, cylindrical parts, narrow spaces and gaps, radii, curves and arches.

 5.1  Scales - their need and importance -(Theoretical instructions).
 5.2  Drawing of plain and diagonal scales

 6.1  Theory of projections ( Elaborate theoretical instructions)
 6.2  Drawing 3 views of given objects (Non symmetrical objects may be selected for this exercise)
 6.3  Drawing 6 views of given objects (Non symmetrical objects may be selected for this exercise).
 6.4  Identification of surfaces on drawn views and objects drawn.
 6.5  Exercises on missing surfaces and views 
 6.6  Orthographic drawing or interpretation of views.
 6.7  Introduction to third angle projections.

 7.1  Importance and salient features, Methods of representing sections, conventional sections of various materials, classification of sections, conventions in sectioning. 
 7.2  Drawing of full section, half section, partial or broken out sections, Offset sections, revolved sections and removed sections.
 7.3  Drawing of different conventions for materials in section, conventional breaks for shafts, pipes, rectangular, square, angle, channel, rolled sections.
 7.4  Exercises on sectional views of different objects.

 8.1  Fundamentals of isometric projections (Theoretical instructions)
 8.2  Isometric views from 2 or 3 given orthographic views.

NOTE:

 (i)  A minimum of 12 sheets, plates should be prepared by each student. 
 (ii)  20 percent of drawing sheets be prepared on third angle projection. 

RATIONALE

  This course aims at developing generic manual and machining skills in the students. Besides above the development of dignity of labour, precision, safety at work places, team working and development of right attitude are other objectives.

The following shops are included in the syllabus : 
 1.  Carpentry and Painting shop
 2.  Fitting shop
 3.  Welding shop
 4.  Electric shop
 5.  Smithy or Electronic shop

1. CARPENTRY AND PAINTING SHOP

 1.1  Introduction to various types of wood by demonstration and their identification.
 1.2  Demonstration, function and use of commonly used hand tools. Care, maintenance of tools and safety measures to be observed.
•   JOB I  Marking,Sawing and planning practice
•   JOB II  Extensive planning practice
•   JOB III  Chiseling practice
1.3  Introduction to joints, their relative advantages and uses.
•   JOB IV  Preparation of half lap joint
•   JOB V  Preparation of Mortise and Tenon Joint
 1.4  Importance and need of polishing wooden items, Introduction to polishing materials.
•   Job VI  Preparation of surface before polishing. 
•   Job VII  Application of primer coat.
•   Job VIII  Polishing on wooden items.

 2.1  Introduction to fitting shop, Common materials used in fitting shop, Identification of materials. 
 2.2  Description and demonstration of various types of work benches. Holding devices and files, Precautions while filing

•   Job I  Filing practice ( Production of flat surfaces) Checking by straight edge.
•   Job II  Marking of jobs, use of marking and measuring tools.
•   Job III  Filing a dimensioned reactangular or Square piece of an accuracy of +0.25mm. 

 2.3  Introduction to chipping, Demonstration on chipping and its applications. Demonstration and function of chipping tools.

•   Job IV  Chipping practice

 2.4  Description and demonstration Simple operation of hacksawing, demonstration and description of various types of blades, their uses and method of fitting the blade.

•   Job V  Making a cutout from a square piece of iron block using hacksaw.

 3.1  Introduction to welding and its importance in engineering practice; types of welding;common materials that can be welded. 

3.2  Electric arc welding, (AC and DC) precautions while using electric arc welding, Practice in setting current and voltage for striking proper arc. 

•   Job I  Practice of striking arc while using electric arc welding set. 
•   Job II  Welding practice job on arc welding for making uniform and straight weld beads. 

 3.3  Common welding defects and inspection.
 3.4  Various types of joints and end preparation.

•   Job III  Preparation of butt joint arc welding.
•   Job IV  Preparation of lap joint by arc welding. 
•   Job V  Preparation of single V/ double V butt joint by using electric arc welding. 
•   Job VI  Preparation of Tee joint by arc welding.

 4.1  Study, demonstration and identification of common electrical materials such as wires, cables, switches, fuses, ceiling roses, battens, cleats and allied items,tools and accessories.
 4.2  Study of electrical safety measures and demonstration about use of protective devices.

•   Job I  Identification of phase, neutral and earth of domestic appliances and their connection to two pin/three pin, plugs.
•   Job II  Laying out of complete wiring of a house (i) batten wiring (ii) plastic casing and capping.

 4.3  Study of common electrical appliances such as electric irons, electric kettles, electric water heaters, table fans and electric mixer.

•   Job III  Testing and rectification of simulated faults in above said electrical appliances. 

 4.4  Introduction to a battery and its working. 

•   Job IV  Charging a battery and testing it with the help of hydrometers and cell testers. 
•   Job V  Installation of battery connections in series and parallel 

 5.1  Demonstration and detailed explanation of tools and equipment used. Forging operations in Smithy shop.Safety measures to be observed in the smithy shop.
 5.2  Demonstration and description of bending operation using tools viz Blowers, pressure blowers ( hand and power operated) upsetting operation, description and specification of anvils, swage blocks, hammers
 5.3  Demonstration and description of tongs, fullers, swages

•   Job I - To forge a L-Hook.
•   Job II - Upsetting at ends only.
•   Job III - Preparation of lap joint for rivetted joint, caulking and and fullering.
•   Job IV -  To prepare a lap rivetted joint.
•   Job V - To forge a chisel and acquaint the students with forge welding.

5. ELECTRONIC SHOP 

 5.1  Identification and familiarization with the following electronic instruments: 

  a) Multimeter Analog and digital (Three and half digit)
  b) Single beam simple CRO function of every knob on the front pane l
  c) Audio-oscillator sine and square wave output
  d) Power supply fixed voltage and variable voltage, single output as well as dual output.
•   Job I - Practice in the use of above mentioned through simple experiments.

 5.2  Identification and familiarisation with commonly used tools: statement of their uses. Identification and familiarisation with active and passive components; colour code and types of resistor and potentiometers (including VDR, LDR, and thermistor); some small practical exercises on measurement terminals. Identification of other components including LED, LCD, UJT, FET, Coils, relays, switches (SPDT, DPDT, etc.) connectors, micro switches, read relays, transformers (mains, audio and RF, etc).

•   Job II - Cut, strip, join and insulate two length of wires/ cables (repeat with different types of cables/wires) 
•   Job III - Cut, strip, connect/solder/crimp different kinds of wires/ cables (including shielded cable) to different types of power/general purpose/Audio Video/Telephone plugs, sockets, jacks, terminals, binding posts, terminal strips, connectors. The tasks should include making complete recording/ playback/ antenna/ speaker leads for common electronic products such as Radio, TV, VCR, Cassette Recorder, Hi-Fi equipment, Head set, microphone
•   Job IV - Cut, bend, tin component, leds, inserts and solder components (resistor, capacitor, diodes, transistors, IFT type oils, DIL, ICs etc) on a PCB
•   Job V - Wiring of a small circuit on a PCB/tag strip tag strips involving lacking, sleeving and use of identifier tags