SEMESTER I

SEMESTER I

RATIONALE

A diploma holder (technician) is supposed to write official, business and personal letters. Technical report writing forms another activity of diploma holders. Keeping in view, the above and continuing education needs of diploma holders, Communication Skill has been considered as essential core subject. The emphasis of teaching should be to develop necessary competencies in written and oral communication.

DETAILED CONTENTS

THEORY

1. Prose Text Book

Following 5 lessons of the book "A Book of English for polytechnics - Prose Selections" prepared by TTTI Chd and Published by Macmillan India Limited, New Delhi.

1. Adventure in Space Veena Nagpal

2. An Engineering Wizard ----

3. The Diamond Necklace Guy de Maupassant

4. Uncle Podger Hand a Picture Jerome K.Jerome

5. Guru Gobind Singh ----

2. Correspondence : (Official, business and personal)

One letter from each category (official, business and personal) may be set in the examination paper and the students be asked to write one of them.

3. Grammar

A brief review of easy form of tenses. Conversion of direct narration into indirect form of narration and vice versa (only simple sentences). Punctuation.

4. Essay

Preferably on scientific topic from the given outlines. The paper setter may be instructed to give a choice of attempting one out of three topics. The question paper may provide the outlines. The essay will be of 250 to 300 words. The examiner may select three topics one from each of the following:

(i) Science

(ii) Technology

(iii) General.

PRACTICALS (ORAL)

1 Locate a particular book in the library.

2 Find out some words in the dictionary.

3 Pronunciation, stress and intonation.

4 Give abbreviations of particular words and vice versa

5 Give meaning of some words.

6 Spell some words.

7 Practice of handling some communication systems like telephone and noting down and conveying messages.

1.2 APPLIED CHEMISTRY

RATIONALE

Applied Chemistry has been considered as one of the core subjects for diploma holders in Engineering & Technology to develop in them scientific temper , appreciation of chemical properties of materials and to develop learning skills in the students . Every effort should be made to teach this curricula through demonstration & with the involvement of students.

DETAILED CONTENTS

THEORY

1. STRUCTURE OF ATOM

1.1 Chemistry as important branch of science ,Basic concept of Elements Mixture and compound , Chemical Equation, its balancing, implications and limitations .

1.2 Recapitulation of Fundamental particles of atom i.e electron , proton , and neutron .

1.3 Bohr’s model of atom .

1.4 Line spectrum of hydrogen .

1.5 Modern concept of atom - four quantum numbers, shells, sub shells , orbital (shapes of s & p orbitals).

1.6 Paul’s exclusion principle .

1.7 Aufbau Energy ranking rule .

1.8 Orbital concept types of bonds co-valency, formation of s-s, s-p and p-p bonding with examples .

1.9 Hybridization sp , sp2 , sp3 ,(consider BeF2, BF3 , CH4) molecules .

1.10 Brief concept of modern periodic table of elements .

2 CHEMICAL EQUATION , OXIDATION & REDUCTION

2.1 Concept of Oxidation & Reduction .

2.2 Electronic concept of oxidation and reduction .

2.3 Redox reactions ( direct and indirect ).

2.4 Oxidation No, balancing of simple redox reactions by oxidation No.

3. IONIC EQUILIBRIUM

3.1 Ionization , degree of ionization .

3.2 Focus effecting ionisation

3.3 Ionization of water , ionization equilibrium in aqueous solutions , common ion effect .

4. ACIDS AND BASES

4.1 Concept of acids and bases , their strength in ionization constant .

4.2 pH value , acid base titration , choice of indicators .

4.3 Hydrolysis .

4.4 Buffer solution

5. ELECTROLYSIS

5.1 Concept of electrolysis .

5.2 Faraday’s law of electrolysis .

5.3 Engineering applications (electro-metallurgy ,electroplating & electro-refining) .

6. WATER

6.1 Hard and soft water , removal of hardness by :

a. Soda lime process .

b. Permutit’s process .

c. Ion exchange method .

6.2 Disadvantages of hard water in industrial use , boiler scales , priming , foaming corrosion and caustic embrittlement .

6.3 Expressing the degree of hardness of water in (with simple problems)

a. Clark’s degree

b. French degree

c. ppm

6.4 Determination of degree of hardness by (with simple problems):

a. Soap titration method :

b. O’Hehner’s method :

6.5 Water for drinking purposes .

7. SOLUTIONS & COLLOIDS

7.1 Solute , solvent , solution & colloids .

7.2 Particle size and colloidal state .

7.3 Tyndall effect , Brownian movement , coagulation .

PRACTICALS

1. Introduction of basic concepts of volumetric analysis & other related equipment.

2. Find the strength in grams per litre of the given solution or sodium hydroxide with the help of standard oxalic acid solution

3. Find the strength of sulphuric acid in grams per litre using standard oxalic acid solution and an intermediate alkali solution Indicator phenolphthalen.

4. Determine the strength of oxalic acid solution in grams per litre using standard sulphuric acid. Indicator methyl orange.

5. Determine the total alkanity in ppm in the given sample of water using standard sulphuric acid. Indicator methyl orange.

6. Estimate the total hardness of a sample of water by soap solution method.

7. Estimate the amount of chlorides present in water using silver nitrate solution. Indicator potassium chromate.

8. Determine percentage purity of commercial samples like blue vitriol and green vitriol volumetrically.

9. Qualitative analysis of some important acidic & basic radicals with direct testing with demonstration of group analysis.

1.3 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-I

RATIONALE

The students are supposed to have basic knowledge of structure of body, their anatomical parts and physiological functions. Hence the subject

DETAILED CONTENTS

THEORY

1. Introduction to human body, its anatomy and physiology

2. Elementary tissues of body and their classification alongwith brief description

3. Digestive System

3.1 Organs of digestion, histology of the digestive organs (stomach, small intestine, liver, pancreas)

3.2 Process of digestion

3.3 Absorption and assimilation of food

3.4 Vitamins and minerals

4. Respiratory System

4.1 Organs of respiration and their histology (lungs and trachea)

4.2 Respiration (Definition and Mechanism)

4.3 Gas exchange in the lungs

4.4 Regulation of respiration

4.5 Basal metabolic rate

5. The skin (Structure and functions)

6. The excretory system

6.1 Organs of excretion (kidneys, ureter, bladder)

6.2 Histology of kidney and its functions

6.3 Formation of urine and its composition

6.4 Structure of nephron

PRACTICALS

1. Demonstration of various parts of body

2. Demonstration of tissues of body

3. Demonstration of parts of digestive system

4. Demonstration of parts of respiratory system

5. Demonstration of parts of skin

6. Demonstration of parts of excretory system

Note:Demonstrations can be done with the help of models, charts and histological slides

1.4 CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY-I

(General Microbiology)

RATIONALE

The candidates undergoing training in medical laboratory technology are made to learn the techniques of collection of samples, their processing and identification of various pathogens like bacteria, parasites, viruses using different techniques. In addition the candidates are given training in the use of standard safety measures while handling infective materials. The basic knowledge of different diseases caused by various micro-organisms is also imparted. The training is aimed at making the students competent to isolate and identify the causative micro-organisms.

DETAILED CONTENTS

THEORY

1. Introduction to Microbiology

Definition, history, relationship of micro organisms to man, safety in a microbiology laboratory

2. Morphology of Bacteria

Anatomy of a bacterial cell including spores, flagella and capsules

3. Growth and Nutrition of bacteria

A typical growth curve and bacterial nutrition

4. Classification of micro-organisms with special reference to bacteria - general classification,

biological classification

5. Sterlisation

Definition, sterlisation by dry heat, moist heat (below, at and above 100oC) Autoclave, its structure and functioning, autoclave controls and sterlisation indicators, sterlisation by radiation and filtration

6. Antiseptics and Disinfectants

Definitions, types, properties and uses of disinfectants and antiseptics, testing efficiency of disinfectants (In use tests)

7. Microscopy

Structure and working of simple and compound microscope. Principles of darkground, fluorescent, phase contrast and electron microscope, micrometry

8. Staining Techniques

Methods of smear preparation, simple stains, grams stain, AFB staining, Albert’s stain, Neisser’s stain,staining of spores, capsules

9. Culture Media

Liquid and solid media, defined and synthetic media, routine laboratory media (Basal, enriched, selective, enrichment indicator, transport and storage or preservation)

10. Bacterial Culture

Inoculation of culture media, aerobic and anaerobic culture, isolation of pure cultures and disposal of cultures

1. Morphological and biochemical identification of bacteria by:

Microscopic morphology

Colony characteristics

bio chemicals such as

i) Carbohydrate utilization tests

ii) Catalase, oxidase, coagulase

iii) Indole

iv) Citrate

v) MR and VP

vi) Urease

vii) Motility demonstration

12. Antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria principles and methods

PRACTICALS

1. Demonstration of safety rules in a microbiology laboratory

2. Preparation of cleaning agents and techniques of cleaning glass ware

3. Preparation of material for sterlisation in an autoclave and hot air oven

4. Sterlisation by an autoclave and hot air oven

5. Sterlisation by filtration

6. In use test

7. Handling and care of different types of microscopes

8. Staining techniques: Gram, Z-N, Albert’s stain

9. Spore and capsule staining

10. Demonstration of motility

11. Preparation of culture media

12. Aerobic and anaerobic culture methods

13. Biochemical tests for identification of bacteria

i) Preparing media for different biochemicals and

ii) Inoculations and incubation of biochemical,

iii) Reporting biochemicals

14. Testing antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria by stoke’s disc diffusion method

1.5 CLINICAL HAEMATOLOGY-I

RATIONALE

The training in this subject is imparted to enable the students to carry out routine clinical laboratory investigation (blood, urine etc). He/she should be able to provide technical help for selected sophisticated haematological techniques with adequate knowledge of various principles. The training in laboratory safety is also provided

DETAILED CONTENTS

THEORY

1. Introduction to haematology

2. Apparatus and Instruments

Parts, functions principles and working of compound microscope, centrifuge, water bath and

cell counter

3. Cleaning of glass ware

General and volumetric apparatus cleaning

4. Introduction to Blood

4.1 Erythropocisis, Leucopoesis, formation of platelets (thrombopoesis)

4.2 Definition, composition and functions of blood

5. Anticoagulants

Definition and various types alongwith their mode of action, merits and demerits of each

6. Collection of Blood

6.1 Collection of blood; venous and capillary

6.2 Various equipments used for collection of blood samples

7. Romanowsky stains

7.1 Preparation and theory

7.2 Choice of slide and spreader and preparation of blood film.

7.3 Characteristics of good film preparation.

PRACTICALS

1. Parts of microscope; its functioning and care

2. Parts of centrifuge; its functioning and care

3. Cleaning and drying of glassware

4. Preparation of various anticoagulants

5. Collection of venous and capillary blood

6. Cleaning of glass-syringes and its sterlisation

7. Preparation of the stains and other reagents

8. Preparation of peripheral blood film (PBF)

9. Staining of PBF

1.6 CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY-I

RATIONALE

The candidates are imparted basic training of theortical and practical aspects in the field of clinical biochemistry. The candidates are made to learn the technique of collection of clinical samples and their processing alongwith recording of data. The student will also obtain the basic knowledge of chemistry and metabolism of various metabolites which are routinely estimated in different diseases so that a clear understanding of the different tests is obtained. The students are also given basic training in safety measures, quality control and automation.

DETAILED CONTENTS

THEORY

1. Introduction to Biochemistry

1.1 Definition

1.2 Importance of bio-chemistry

1.3 SI units and their use

1.4 Volumetric apparatus and their calibration

2. Cleaning and Standardisation of laboratory equipments and glass ware

2.1 Cleaning and care of glass-ware and equipments (Colorimeter, centrifuge)

2.2 Different cleaning agents (soaps, detergents, chromic acid)

2.3 Methods of cleaning

3. Important Instruments: Principle, working and care of:

3.1 Balance (Analytical, electrical/electronic)

3.2 Centrifuge

3.3 Colorimeter,

3.4 Spectrophotometer

3.5 Flamephotometer

4. Blood Chemistry

4.1 Composition of blood and its functions

4.2 Use of various anticoagulants

4.3 Separation of serum and plasma

4.4 Process of sterlising blood collecting equipment

4.5 Different protein precipitation agents

4.6 Preparation of Protein Free Filtrate (PFF) and uses

5. Collection and preservation of biological specimens:

Blood - Sputum

Urine - Stool

Body fluids

PRACTICALS

1. Cleaning of glass ware

2. Sterlisation of glass ware

3. Standardisation of glass ware

4. Handling and Maintenance of each instrument

5. Preparation of various anticoagulants and specimen collection bottle

6. Collection of blood

7. Separation of serum and plasma

8. Preparation of different protein precipitating agents, PFF preparation