SEMESTER

SEMESTER- II

RATIONALE

Diploma holders are supposed to communicate verbally and in written forms. Technical report writing forms another essential requirement of these people. Keeping in view above requirements, this subject has been added to develop necessary competencies in written and oral communication. Efforts should be made to give practice of communication to the students.

DETAILED CONTENTS

THEORY

1. Prose Text Book

Following 5 lessons of the book "A Book of English for polytechnics - Prose Selections" prepared by TTTI Chd and Published by Macmillan India Limited, New Delhi.

1. Subhash Chander Boss ----

2. A Pair of Mustachios Dr. Mulk Raj Anand

3. With the Photographer Stephen Leacock

4. God Lives in the Panch Prem Chand

5. The Man Who Found Penicillin Patrick Pringle

2. Precis and Comprehension:

Precis writing of simple passages from the prescribed text book. The passage selected should be from the text book. The passage selected should be such as easily lends itself to summarising. The passage should be of 100 to 150 words. In order to test comprehension a few questions on the passage may be set.

3. Communication Techniques

3.1 Importance of communication

3.2 One way and two way communication

3.3 Essentials of good communication

3.4 Methods of Communication, Oral, written and non-verbal

3.5 Barriers to communication

3.6 Techniques of overcoming barriers

3.7 Concept of effective Communication

3.8 All forms of written communications including drafting reports, notices, agenda notes, business correspondences, preparation of summaries and precis, telegrams, circulars, representations, press release and advertisements.

3.9 Telephonic communications

4. Technical Report Writing

Technical report writing from the given outlines. A choice to attempt one out of three to be given in the examination. The question paper shall provide the required outlines.

5. Equivalent Terminology

150 popular administrative and technical terms in English with their equivalent words in regional language or in Hindi. These terms shall be officially prescribed and sent to the paper setter as well.

6. Practice of writing personal resume and writing application for a job/employment

PRACTICALS (ORAL)

1 Participation in an informal meeting.

2 Oral presentation.

3 Interview, Resume of the interview.

4 Group discussions, Seminars, debates on current topics.

5 Paper reading for developing facial expressions, voice qualities etc.

2.2 INTRODUCTORY ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

RATIONALE

Diploma holders in medical laboratory technology are supposed to know about the chemical properties of various materials. For this purpose, it is essential that they should be equiped with knowledge and skill covering topics like organic chemistry, hydrocarbons, alcohols nd ethers, carbohydrates etc., so as to enable them to perform various activities effectively.

DETAILED CONTENTS

THEORY

1. Introduction to organic chemistry

1.1 The importances of organic compounds

1.2 Comparison of organic and inorganic compounds

1.3 Properties of carbon

2. Hydrocarbons

Preparation, properties and use of the:

a) Saturated hydrocarbons

b) Unsaturated hydrocarbons

c) Cyclic hydrocarbons

d) Sources of hydrocarbons

e) Halogen derivatives of hydrocarbons

3. Alcohols and Ethers

Their general introduction, classification, preparation and properties

Methyl alcohl, ethyl alcohl, glycerol

Ethers - Diethyl ether, divinyl ether

4. Aldehydes and Ketones

Preparation, properties and uses

5. Organic Acids and their salts

Their properties and uses

6. Carbohydrates

Optical activity, composition, sources classifiction.

Reactions of carbohydrates, important monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides.

Breakage of glucose, Fructose, Lactose, galactose, Maltose

7. Lipids

Classification, fatty acids, fats glycerol, phospholipids, sterol, ergsterol cholesterol and reactions of fat

8. Protein

Classification, composition, molecular weight, hydrolysis, amino acids, their structure, colour, reactions of protein and properties of protein

9. Enzymes

i) Classification

ii) Chemical nature of enzymes

iii) Properties of enzymes

iv) Factors effecting enzymes activity

v) Activation of enzymes

vi) Enzyme inhibitors

PRACTICALS

1. Iodometric titrations oxidation reductiontitrations, Acid-base titrations

2. Sponification of fatty acids

3. Properties of the following:

Aldehydes and ketones

Carbohydrates

Proteins

Fats

2.3 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-II

RATIONALE

The students are imparted basic knowledge of structure of body, their anatomical parts and physiological functions

DETAILED CONTENTS

THEORY

1. Circulatory System

1.1 Composition and functions of blood

1.2 The heart anatomy and physiology

1.3 The chambers of heart, various vessels and valves present in heart

1.4 Circulation of blood

1.5 The cardiac cycle and heart sounds

1.6 The blood pressure

1.7 Arteries and viens

1.8 Lymph and lymphatic system

2. Nervous System

2.1 Central nervous system (Brain and Spinal cord)

2.2 Peripheral nervous system (cranial and spinal nerves)

2.3 The reflex action and reflex arc

2.4 The transmission of nerve impulse

2.5 The sense organs (eye, ear, tongue and nose); structure and functions

3. Muscular System

3.1 Brief description of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles

3.2 Muscular contraction

3.3 Muscle Fatigue

3.4 Some important muscles of body

4. Skeletal System

4.1 The skeleton, important bones and their brief discription

4.2 Articulation of Bones - joints

5. Endocrine System

Short description of various endocrine glands and their functions

6. Reproductive system

6.1 Male and female reproductive system

6.2 Histology of Gonads

6.3 The ovarian cycle and ovulation

6.4 Fertilization

6.5 Fertility control

PRACTICALS

1. Demonstration of various parts of circulatory system (Demonstration from models)

2. Examination of blood film for various blood cells from stained slides

3. Blood pressure estimation

4. Demonstration of various parts of nervous system (brain and spinal cord)(Model)

5. Structure of eye and ear (demonstration from models)

6. Demonstration of reflex action

7. Demonstration of structural differences between skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles (permanent mounts)

8. Demonstration of various bones and joints

9. Demonstration of various parts of reproductive system (Male and female from models and charts)

2.4 CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY-II

(Systematic Bacteriology)

RATIONALE

The candidates undergoing training medical laboratory technology are made to learn the techniques of collection of samples, their processing and identification of various pathogens like bacteria, pasasites, viruses using different techniques. In addition the candidates are given training in the use of standard safety measures while handling infective materials. The basic knowledge of different diseases caused by various micro-organisms is also imparted. The training is aimed at making the students competent to isolate and identify the causative micro-organisms.

DETAILED CONTENTS

THEORY

1. Morphological, staining, cultural, biochemical characteristics and

laboratory diagnosis of:

1.1 Staphylococci and Micrococci

1.2 Streptococci and pneumococci

1.3 Corynebacterium diphtherae

1.4 Enterobactereacae-I (E.Coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter)

1.5 Enterobactereacae-II (Salmonella,Shigella,Proteus)

1.6 Pseudomonas

1.7 Vibrio Cholerae

1.8 Neisseria and Haemophilus

1.9 Mycobacteria

1.10 Clostridia

1.11 Treponema pallidum

2. Bacteriological examination of water, milk, food and air

3. Bacterial Pathogenicity

3.1 Definitions of pathogenicity, pathogenesis and virulence

3.2 Sources of infections

3.3 Modes of spread of infection

3.4 Types of infections

4. Nosocomial Infections

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Common types of nosocomial infections

4.3 Surveillence (Bacteriological) and control of nosocomial infections

5. Laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases

5.1 Septicaemia and bacteraemia

5.2 Respiratory tract infections

5.3 Wound and skin infections

5.4 Urinary tract infections

5.5 Genital tract infections

5.6 Meningitis

5.7 Gastro intestinal infections

5.8 Enteric fever

5.9 Pyrexia of unknown origin

PRACTICALS

1. Processing and identification of pure bacterial culture

2. Processing of following clinical samples for culture and identification of pathogens:

Blood

Throat swab

Sputum

PUS

Urine

Stool

C.S.F. and other body fluids

3. Processing of water, milk, food and air samples for bacteriological examination

2.5 CLINICAL HAEMATOLOGY-II

RATIONALE

The training in this subject is imparted to enable the students to carry out routine clinical laboratory investigation (blood, urine etc). He/she should be able to provide technical help for selected sophisticated haematological techniques with adequate knowledge of various principles. The training in laboratory safety is also provided

DETAILED CONTENTS

THEORY

1. Haemoglobinometery

1.1 Types of haemoglobin and its function

1.2 Various methods of estimation

1.3 Formation of haemoglobin and its breakdown

2. Differential leucocyte counting; blood cell morphology in health and disease

3. Preparation of blood smear for malarial parasite (thick and thin smear)

4. Study of life cycle of malarial parasite and its laboratory diagnosis

5. Haemocytometery

5.1 Various counting chambers (Neubaeur, Burker, Fuch-Rosenthal)

5.2 Methods of counting of RBC, WBC and platelets

5.3 Errors involved

6. Quality control in haematology

7. Routine examination of urine (microscopic and macroscopic)

PRACTICALS

1. Haemoglobin estimation (Sahli’s, Oxyhaemoglobin, and cyanmethaemoglobin)

2. DLC

3. Recognition and staining of various types of blood cells (normal and abnormal)

4. Preparation of thick and thin blood smear for malarial parasite (leishmania/Giemsa/JSB)

5. RBC counting

6. WBC counting

7. Platelet counting

8. Routine Examination of urine

2.6 CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY-II

RATIONALE

The candidates are imparted basic training of theoratical and practical aspects in the field of clinical biochemistry. The candidates are made to learn the technique of collection of clinical samples and their processing alongwith recording of data. The student will also obtain the basic knowledge of chemistry and metabolism of various metabolites which are routinely estimated in different diseases so that a clear understanding of the different tests is obtained. The students are also given basic training in safety measures, quality control and automation.

DETAILED CONTENTS

THEORY

1. Blood Sugar estimation and GTT

1.1 Principle and methods of estimation

1.2 Normal and abnormal values

1.3 True and apparent sugar

1.4 Metabolism of sugar

1.5 Precautionary measures

1.6 Renal threshold

1.7 Importance and performance of GTT

1.8 Clinical importance of blood sugar and GTT

2. Serum Urea

2.1 Formation and excretion of urea

2.2 Principles and procedure of different methods of urea estimation

2.3 Normal and abnormal levels

2.4 Clinical importance

3. Plasma and Serum Proteins

3.1 Definition

3.2 Formation of plasma proteins

3.3 Different methods of estimation including principles and procedure

3.4 Normal and abnormal values

3.5 Clinical importance

4. Serum Cholesterol

4.1 Formation and estimation of cholesterol

4.2 Various methods of estimation including principles and procedures

4.3 Normal and abnormal values

4.4 Clinical importance

5. Electrolytes and Trace Elements

5.1 Functions of electrolytes like Na+, K+ and Cl-. Other essential trace elements like P+,Ca2+, Fe+2 etc. Metabolism of these ions

5.2 Principles and procedures of estimation

5.3 Normal and abnormal values

5.4 Clinical importance of radioistopes. Their brief description and use

6. Quality control in clinical bio-chemistry

PRACTICALS

1. Estimation of blood sugar (Folin-wu method, enzyme method etc)

2. Performance of GTT

3. Serum urea estimation

4. Plasma and serum protein estimation

5. Serum cholesterol estimation

6. Estimation of electrolyte level (Na+, K+, Cl- by flame photometer and kit method)

7. Preparation of all types of reagents