The candidates undergoing training medical laboratory technology are made to learn the techniques of collection of samples, their processing and identification of various pathogens like bacteria, pasasites, viruses using different techniques. In addition the candidates are given training in the use of standard safety measures while handling injective materials. The basic knowledge of different diseases caused by various micro-organisms is also imparted. The training is aimed at making the students competent to isolate and identify the causative micro-organisms.

1. General characteristics of medically important fungi

2. Culture media for fungi

•  SDA (Saboraud’s Dextrose Agar)

•  CMA (Corn Meal Agar)

•  RSA (Rice starch Agar)

3. Staining of Fungi

•  KOH preparation

•  LCB (Lactophenol Cotton Blue)

4. Cultivation of Fungi

•  Candida

•  Dermatophytes

•  Penicillium

•  Aspergillus

5. Immunity (Innate and Acquired)

6. Antigens (Definition, types and properties)

7. Antibodies (Definition, types and properties)

8. Antigen - Antibody reactions (Principles and applications of agglutination, precipitation and flocculation reactions)

9. Serological tests-I(Principles,technique and interpretation)

•  Widal

•  Rose waller

•  Aso and CRP

10. Serological tests-II(Principles, techniques, interpretation)

•  VDRL

11. Rapid and advanced diagnostic techniques

•  Latex Agglutination

•  Coagglutination

•  Immunoelectrophoresis

•  ELISA

1. To prepare different culture media used in mycology

2. Staining techniques

•  KOH Preparation

•  LCB

•  India Ink preparation

3. To observe characteristics of common laboratory contaminants (Fungal)

4. Collection and processing of samples for diagnosis of fungal infections

•  Skin

•  Nail

•  Hair

•  Body fluids and secretions

5. To prform

•  Widal test

•  VDRL test

•  Latex Agglutination test

•  Immunoelectrophoresis

6. Demonstration of ELISA

The training in this subject is imparted to enable the students to carry out routine clinical laboratory investigation (blood, urine etc). He/she should be able to provide technical help for selected sophisticated haematological techniques with adequate knowledge of various principles. The training in laboratory safety is also provided

1. Coagulation

• 1.1 Theories

• 1.2 Coagulation defects

• 1.3 Principles and methods of prothrombin time (PT) Prothromobin time Index (PTI), Prothrombin time with kaolin (PTTK) - bleeding time (BT) Clotting time (CT), and clot retraction test

2. Bone-marrow Examination

• 2.1 Structure and function of bone-marrow

• 2.2 Collection of bone-marrow

• 2.3 Preparation, staining and examination of bone-marrow smears

• 2.4 Significance of bone-marrow examination

3. Leukemias

• 3.1 Theory

• 3.2 Classification (FAB)

4. LE Cell Phenomenon

• 4.1 Theory of formation of LE cell, its differentiation from tart cell

• 4.2 Preparation and staining of smear and its examination

• 4.3 Clinical importance

5. Automation in Haematology

1. Bleeding time and clotting time, PT, PTI, PTTK

2. Clot retraction test

3. Examination of Bone-marrow (from stained slide)

4. Demonstration of LE Cell Smear and its examination (from stained slide)

5. Recognition of various types of blast cells and leukaemias (from stained slide)

The candidates are imparted basic training of theoratical and practical aspects in the field of clinical biochemistry. The candidates are made to learn the technique of collection of clinical samples and their processing alongwith recording of data. The student will also obtain the basic knowledge of chemistry and metabolism of various metabolites which are routinely estimated in different diseases so that a clear understanding of the different tests is obtained. The students are also given basic training in safety measures, quality control and automation.

1. Urine Analysis

• 1.1 Normal composition of urine and its properties

• 1.2 Clinical importanceof urine analysis

• 1.3 Presence of abnormal constituents like protein, sugar, bill salts and bill pigments

• 1.4 Quantitative estimation for protein and sugar

• 1.5 Identification of sugar

• 1.6 Detailed discussion on glycosuria and albuminuria

• 1.7 Ketone bodies, 17-ketosteroids etc

2. Stool Chemistry

• 2.1 Physical characteristics and chemical composition of stool

• 2.2 Significance of presence of blood and excess fat in stool

• 2.3 Occult blood - Detection

3. Renal Calculi

• 3.1 Formation, composition and properties of renal calculi

• 3.2 Principle of procedure for identifying types of renal calculi

4. Cerebro-Spinal Fluid

• 4.1 Composition and functions of CSF

• 4.2 Methods of determination of sugar,chloride, and proteins in CSF

• 4.3 Normal and abnormal levels

5. Biological fluids:

Formation and composition of different biological fluids like peritoneal, pleural, synovial, ascitic fluids

6. Blood Gases

Different blood gases and their functions, principles and procedure of determination of CO2 combining power and oxygen saturation

7. Electrophoresis

• 7.1 Theory

• 7.2 Principle and procedure of paper, gel electrophoresis, method of elution

8. Chromatography

• 8.1 Theory of chromatographic separation between stationary and mobile phases

• 8.2 Different chromatographic methods like paper, column and thin layer chromatography. Method of separation

1. Analysis of urine for sugar and proteins (Qualitative and quantitative)

2. Occult blood test using stool specimen

3. Qualitative analysis of renal calculi

4. Estimation of sugar proteins, chlorides in CSF

5. Serum amylase estimation

6. Titration for acidity determination and qualitative analysis of gastric juice

7. Demonstration of electrophoresis and chromatography

8. Preparation of buffers strips, gels, column etc.

The training is aimed at preparing the students for preparing tissue sections of various types (paraffin/frozen) and stain them. He/she will able to provide special stain for detailed information. He/she should be able to collect exfoliative cytology smears, contact smears and perform fine needle aspiration cytology examination under supervision and carry out routine and special staining procedures. He/she should be able to display specimens for museum and help in performing autopsy.

1. Decalcification of bones

• 1.1 Process of decalcification and methods

• 1.2 Reagents used for decalcification

• 1.3 Bone cutting without decalcification

3. Frozen Sections

• 3.1 Freezing microtome and cryostat - its care and uses

• 3.2 Technique of cutting frozen section

• 3.3 Principles of special stains used and their preparation

4. Preparation of Museum Specimen

• 4.1 Care of museum specimen

• 4.2 Preparation of fixatives and mounting solutions

• 4.3 Mounting and after care of mounted specimen. Cataloguing of museum specimen

5. Exfolative Cytology

• 5.1 Preparation of vaginal and cervical smears

• 5.2 PAP smears and its fixation

• 5.3 Preparation of Pap stains, cell blocks

• 5.4 Staining techniques (PAP, H&E and Giemsa)

• 5.5 Interpretation of results

• 5.6 Urine and body fluids secretions processing

6. Autopsy

• 6.1 Care of instruments

• 6.2 Preparation and performance of autopsy in brief

1. Preparation of various reagents

2. Decalcification

3. Demonstration of cataloguing of slides and blocks

4. Demonstration of dispatching reports and maintenance of records

5. Demonstration of Freezing microtome

6. Examination of stained frozen section slides

7. Preparation of Museum fixatives

8. Preparation of museum mounting solutions

9. PAP staining and interpretation of results

The candidates are made to learn the collection of blood from donors and preventive measures against communicable diseases. He/ she should be able to perform different investigations, preservation and interpretation.

1. Historical introduction to blood grouping

2. Antigen and antibodies - role in blood grouping

3. Blood collection, preservation of blood in blood bank, anticoagulants used in blood banking

4. Preparation of donor, criteria of an ideal blood donor, history of donor.

5. ABO grouping and its subgroups

6. Rh grouping

7. Cleaning and care of glassware in blood banking

8. Cross matching - major and minor cross matching, preparation of working antiglobulin, serum, principle and importance of cross matching

9. Preparation and preservation of various blood components for transfusion

10. Coomb’s test - preparation of antisera,principle, types and importance of coomb’s test

11. Transfusion reactions - brief introduction

12. Screening of blood for

•  AIDS

•  Hepatitis

•  Syphilis

1. Demonstration of equipment/material for blood collection

2. Cleaning of glassware

3. ABO and Rh grouping

4. Cross match - major and minor

5. Preparation of ACD and CPD anticoagulants

6. Preparation of various blood components

The training of this subject imparted in organising various clinical laboratory vis clinical microbiology, clinical haematology, clinical biochemistry, histopathology. The candidate is also supposed to learn how to procure chemical reagents and equipment. The candidates are extensively imparted special training in maintaining laboratory equipment, the preventive maintenance and daily upkeeping. He/she is also given training for the maintenance of stocks and inventory. He/she should have knowledge of recording results, interpretation quality control and reproductibility. He/she should be able to communicate effectively for intrapersonal relations.

1. Role of medical laboratory technology in total health care, principles of management, techniques of planning, physical facilities/equipment-layouts and design

2. Hospital organisation, operation, job description, evaluation, performance

3. Materials management, procurement, financial resource, importing inventory control and analysis Inspection, storage etc

4. Precision and accuracy

5. Safety measures in medical laboratories (Microbiology, Haematology, Biochemistry, Histopathology, Blood Bank)

6. Human relations: Inter-personal relations,interdepartmental relations

7. Medical ethics-legal aspects-confidentiality malpractice/ negligence; legal implications and law suits

8. Management techniques: Week study-electronic data processing computer analysis and interpretation of results

9. Maintenance

• i) Preventive laboratory equipments (fire extinguisher etc)

• ii) Regular electronic equipments